Bringing it all together: science priorities for improved understanding of Earth system change and to support international climate policy

We review how the international modelling community, encompassing integrated assessment models, global and regional Earth system and climate models, and impact models, has worked together over the past few decades …

Simulated Impact of Time-Varying River Runoff and Greenland Freshwater Discharge on Sea Level Variability in the Beaufort Gyre Over 2005–2018

Global mean sea level has been rising at a rate of 3.25 ± 0.4 mm yr−1 over 1993–2018. Yet several regions are increasing at a much faster rate, such as …

Physical and Unphysical Causes of Nonstationarity in the Relationship Between Barents-Kara Sea Ice and the North Atlantic Oscillation

The role of internal variability in generating an apparent link between autumn Barents-Kara sea (BKS) ice and the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been intensely debated. In particular, the …